Child Custody & Visitation Attorney, serving Anne Arundel County, Maryland and surrounding counties

Child custody is always a major issue when partners dissolve their relationship. There are several paths to taking care of the child or children when the dissolution of a relationship occurs. There can be sole custody, joint custody, and other sharing relationships. There are also the issues of physical and legal custody—with whom does the child or children mostly reside and who is allowed to make legal decisions regarding schooling and healthcare, for example. 

If there is any history of domestic abuse or violence, then a third-party supervisor may need to be present during visitation with the parent who is suspected of abuse. In any case, the issue of child custody and parenting rights can be resolved either through a joint agreement of the parents or through a court order if the parents can’t agree. 

Maryland family courts, if the dissolution is decided in that way, always consider the best interests of the child or children in deciding custody and parenting time issues. The standards of what constitutes best interests can be open to interpretation. It is always more efficient and less costly for the two of you to agree to an uncontested divorce (if applicable). If you leave matters to a judge, both of you may not like the results. 

If you’re considering or already in the process of divorce, or already have a child custody agreement that you want to modify, and you’re located in or around Anne Arundel County, Maryland, contact Kathleen M. Kirchner Attorney At Law.

Kathleen is a family law attorney who will aggressively protect your rights and negotiate or litigate for the best possible outcome in the dissolution of your relationship. Her firm proudly serves clients throughout Anne Arundel and surrounding counties, including but not limited to Queen Anne's, Calvert, Prince George's, and Howard counties. Kathleen provides personalized, one-on-one service with the utmost compassion and consideration. 

Establishing a Child Custody Arrangement 

You have two options when it comes to the issue of child custody. One is largely DIY (do it yourself) and get court approval. The other is the more contentious route where the two of you battle it out in court. Obviously, the first one is the most efficient and cheapest, though you certainly would need the advice and negotiation skills of a family law attorney. 

The first option is the route of an uncontested divorce, which means no courtroom battles. However, emotions, grudges, and other human factors can no doubt hinder the parenting agreement process. That’s why outside legal help or mediation is always advised. Issues to be resolved include which parent the child or children primarily reside with and what are the parenting rights of each parent. Weekends? Summers when school is out?   

There is also the question of who makes legal decisions for the child or children, such as schooling and healthcare. Who pays for what? Should there be child or spousal support? Who keeps the family home is also a prime consideration. 

If the two of you cannot resolve these issues on your own, then you are going to have to rely on a judge in a family law court. In Maryland, the basic standard that judges adhere to is, “What is in the best interest of the child or children?”

New Custody Factors

As of October , 2025, new custody factors have been established. In determining what legal custody and physical custody is in the best interest of a child, the court may consider the following factors:

(1) stability and the foreseeable health and welfare of the child;

(2) frequent, regular, and continuing contact with parents who can act in the child's best interest;

(3) whether and how parents who do not live together will share the rights and responsibilities of raising the child;

(4) the child's relationship with each parent, any siblings, other relatives, and individuals who are or may become important in the child's life;

(5) the child's physical and emotional security and protection from exposure to conflict and violence;

(6) the child's developmental needs, including physical safety, emotional security, positive self-image, interpersonal skills, and intellectual and cognitive growth;

(7) the day-to-day needs of the child, including education, socialization, culture and religion, food, shelter, clothing, and mental and physical health;

(8) how to:

(i) place the child's needs above the parents' needs;

(ii) protect the child from the negative effects of any conflict between the parents; and

(iii) maintain the child's relationship with the parents, siblings, other relatives, or other individuals who have or likely may have a significant relationship with the child;

(9) the age of the child;

(10) any military deployment of a parent and its effect, if any, on the parent-child relationship;

(11) any prior court orders or agreements;

(12) each parent's role and tasks related to the child and how, if at all, those roles and tasks have changed;

(13) the location of each parent's home as it relates to the parent's ability to coordinate parenting time, school, and activities;

(14) the parents' relationship with each other, including:

(i) how they communicate with each other;

(ii) whether they can co-parent without disrupting the child's social and school life; and

(iii) how the parents will resolve any disputes in the future without the need for court intervention;

(15) the child's preference, if age-appropriate; and

(16) any other factor that the court considers appropriate in determining how best to serve the physical, developmental, and emotional needs of the child.

(b) The court shall articulate its findings of fact on the record or in a written opinion, including the consideration of each factor listed in subsection (a) of this section and any other factor that the court considered.

Custody and Visitation Rights/Parenting Time 

If one parent is deemed the primary custodian and the other is given visitation rights (parenting time), the court will apply the same standard of what is in the best interests of the child or children. Here, if there have been any incidents of domestic violence, the court may order supervised visitation. 

Modifying an Existing Child Custody Arrangement

If you are involved in an existing child custody arrangement, changes in your personal life may warrant a reconsideration of the terms, but the court will again make a ruling based on what is in the best interests of the child or children.  

You must show that there has been a dramatic change in circumstances when requesting a modification. Perhaps one parent is suddenly unemployed or is being asked to relocate by their current employer, or one parent is just not living up to what the arrangement requires.

Note also that in Maryland, children who turn 16 can themselves request a change in custody, but again, the standard is that the change must be in the best interests of the child.